TomorrowNow 판결이 난 지도 이틀이 지났는데 상대적으로 조용하다.
금액이 워낙 황당해서 – $1.3B, 즉 1조 5천억원 – 아무래도 여파가 길 줄 알았는데, 직원들에게 부담은 없을 것이라는 사내메일을 빠르게 보내는 등 조기에 수습하려는 듯. (하긴 SAP 한 회사의 revenue만도 전 세계 GDP rank(nominal) 중간을 간다)
이슈 자체가 X팔리는 것이라 그럴 수도 있겠다. 하지만 래리의 대응을 보면 피해자라기보다 끊임없이 적만 양산하는 듯 하다. 별로 더 나아보이진 않는다. 쯧쯧.
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*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZP_DEMO_CLASS_CNT_EVENT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* REPORT zp_demo_class_cnt_event. *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS counter DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS counter DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. METHODS increment_counter. EVENTS critical_value EXPORTING value(excess) TYPE i. PRIVATE SECTION. DATA: count TYPE i, threshold TYPE i VALUE 10. ENDCLASS. "counter DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD increment_counter. DATA diff TYPE i. ADD 1 TO count. IF count > threshold. diff = count - threshold. RAISE EVENT critical_value EXPORTING excess = diff. ENDIF. ENDMETHOD. "increment_counter ENDCLASS. "counter IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS handler DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS handler DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. METHODS handle_excess FOR EVENT critical_value OF counter IMPORTING excess. ENDCLASS. "handler DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS handler IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS handler IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD handle_excess. WRITE: / 'Excess is', excess. ENDMETHOD. "handle_excess ENDCLASS. "handler IMPLEMENTATION DATA: r1 TYPE REF TO counter, h1 TYPE REF TO handler. START-OF-SELECTION. CREATE OBJECT: r1, h1. SET HANDLER h1->handle_excess FOR ALL INSTANCES. DO 20 TIMES. CALL METHOD r1->increment_counter. ENDDO. |
정리하면, 3가지 역할이 필요하다. 즉, 1) Event를 등록하고 2) Event를 발생(Raise)하고 3) 발생된 Event를 handling 하는 것. 여기서는 ‘Event Trigger’ 클래스에서 1)과 2)를, ‘Event Handler’ 클래스에서 3)을 처리하는 방식을 취하고 있다.
구체적으로 보면,
지난 번과는 반대로, subpackage가 superpackage의 object를 억세스하려 할 경우를 생각해보자.
Iterator를 사용해서 구현과는 분리하여 하나 하나 요소들을 셀 수 있다.
아래 소스를 보면 loop를 돌 때 Iterator의 메소드만 이용하고 있으며 Aggregate 클래스가 어떤 식으로 구현되어 있는가 – 배열이든, 벡터든, Internal Table이든 – 는 상관없다. 즉 나중에 Aggregate의 요소 관리 방식을 얼마든지 바꿀 수 있다는 이야기.
이를 위해 아래와 같은 것들이 필요하다.
헷갈리기 쉬운게 Next()와 hasNext()인데,
아래는 해당 소스.
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*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZP_ITERATOR *& *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& *& *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* REPORT zp_iterator. *PARAMETERS: *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * INTERFACE lif_iterator *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* INTERFACE lif_iterator. TYPE-POOLS abap. METHODS: has_next RETURNING value(r_flag) TYPE abap_bool, next RETURNING VALUE(r_obj) TYPE REF TO object. ENDINTERFACE. "lif_iterator *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * INTERFACE lif_aggregate *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* INTERFACE lif_aggregate. METHODS iterator RETURNING VALUE(r_it) TYPE REF TO lif_iterator. ENDINTERFACE. "lif_aggregate *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS lcl_book DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS lcl_book DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. METHODS: constructor IMPORTING i_name TYPE string, get_name RETURNING value(r_name) TYPE string. PRIVATE SECTION. DATA m_name TYPE string. ENDCLASS. "lcl_book DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS lcl_bookshelf DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS lcl_bookshelf DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. INTERFACES lif_aggregate. METHODS: get_book_at IMPORTING i_idx TYPE i RETURNING VALUE(r_book) TYPE REF TO lcl_book, append_book IMPORTING i_book TYPE REF TO lcl_book, get_length RETURNING value(r_last) TYPE i. PRIVATE SECTION. DATA: m_books TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF REF TO lcl_book, m_last TYPE i. ENDCLASS. "lcl_bookshelf DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS lcl_bookshelf_it DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS lcl_bookshelf_it DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. INTERFACES lif_iterator. METHODS constructor IMPORTING i_bookshelf TYPE REF TO lcl_bookshelf. PRIVATE SECTION. DATA: m_bookshelf TYPE REF TO lcl_bookshelf, m_idx TYPE i VALUE 1. ENDCLASS. "lcl_bookshelf_it DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS lcl_book IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS lcl_book IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD constructor. m_name = i_name. ENDMETHOD. "constructor METHOD get_name. r_name = m_name. ENDMETHOD. "get_name ENDCLASS. "lcl_book IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS lcl_bookshelf IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS lcl_bookshelf IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD get_book_at. READ TABLE m_books INDEX i_idx INTO r_book. ENDMETHOD. "get_book_at METHOD append_book. APPEND i_book TO m_books. ENDMETHOD. "append_book METHOD get_length. r_last = lines( m_books ). ENDMETHOD. "get_length METHOD lif_aggregate~iterator. CREATE OBJECT r_it TYPE lcl_bookshelf_it EXPORTING i_bookshelf = me. ENDMETHOD. "lif_aggregate~iterator ENDCLASS. "lcl_bookshelf IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS lcl_bookshelf_it IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS lcl_bookshelf_it IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD constructor. m_bookshelf = i_bookshelf. ENDMETHOD. "constructor METHOD lif_iterator~has_next. IF m_idx <= m_bookshelf->get_length( ). r_flag = abap_true. ELSE. r_flag = abap_false. ENDIF. ENDMETHOD. "lif_iterator~has_next METHOD lif_iterator~next. r_obj = m_bookshelf->get_book_at( m_idx ). ADD 1 TO m_idx. ENDMETHOD. "lif_iterator~next ENDCLASS. "lcl_bookshelf_it IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS demo DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS demo DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. CLASS-METHODS: main. ENDCLASS. "demo DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD main. DATA: lr_bookshelf TYPE REF TO lcl_bookshelf, lr_book_1 TYPE REF TO lcl_book, lr_book_2 TYPE REF TO lcl_book, lr_book_3 TYPE REF TO lcl_book, lr_book_4 TYPE REF TO lcl_book, lr_book_5 TYPE REF TO lcl_book, lr_it TYPE REF TO lif_iterator, lr_book TYPE REF TO lcl_book, lv_str TYPE string. CREATE OBJECT: lr_bookshelf, lr_book_1 EXPORTING i_name = 'Around the world in 80 days', lr_book_2 EXPORTING i_name = 'Bible', lr_book_3 EXPORTING i_name = 'The Lord of the Rings', lr_book_4 EXPORTING i_name = 'Jonathan Livingston Seagull', lr_book_5 EXPORTING i_name = 'The Keys of the Kingdom'. lr_bookshelf->append_book( lr_book_1 ). lr_bookshelf->append_book( lr_book_2 ). lr_bookshelf->append_book( lr_book_3 ). lr_bookshelf->append_book( lr_book_4 ). lr_bookshelf->append_book( lr_book_5 ). lr_it = lr_bookshelf->lif_aggregate~iterator( ). WHILE lr_it->has_next( ) = abap_true. lr_book ?= lr_it->next( ). lv_str = lr_book->get_name( ). WRITE: / lv_str. ENDWHILE. ENDMETHOD. "main ENDCLASS. "demo IMPLEMENTATION START-OF-SELECTION. demo=>main( ). |
모든 exception class는 아래 3가지 class들 중 하나의 subclass가 되어야 한다. 이 3개의 class들은 CX_ROOT로부터 파생된 것이지만, 내가 직접 CX_ROOT로부터 파생된 class를 만들어 사용할 수는 없다.
언제 어떤 것을 사용하느냐 – 를 생각해보자. 약간씩 틀리긴 하다.
Subclasses of CX_STATIC_CHECK
The relevant exception must either be handled, or propagated explicitly using the RAISING addition. If this is not the case, the syntax check displays a warning.
If you define your own exception classes, CX_STATIC_CHECK is defined as the superclass by default.
Subclasses of CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK
You must either handle them or explicitly propagate them using the RAISING addition. The difference is that this is not statically checked. No syntax warning is reported if the exception is neither handled nor propagated. If the exception is then raised, a runtime error occurs.
Typical examples of this situation are the predefined exceptions CX_SY_… for errors that occur in the runtime environment. These are usually subclasses of CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK.
Subclasses of CX_NO_CHECK
The corresponding exceptions cannot be propagated explicitly using the RAISING addition. These exceptions can be handled. Otherwise they are automatically propagated. Neither a syntax warning nor a runtime error is caused directly where it is raised. Instead all exceptions that are not handled somewhere in the call hierarchy are propagated up to the highest call level. If it is not caught there either, a runtime error occurs at that point.
Some predefined exceptions with the prefix CX_SY_… for error situations in the runtime environment are subclasses of CX_NO_CHECK.
Factory의 요점은 다음과 같다.
Framework 쪽: ZCL_FACTORY
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class ZCL_FACTORY definition public abstract create public . public section. *"* public components of class ZCL_FACTORY *"* do not include other source files here!!! methods CREATE final importing !I_OWNER type STRING returning value(R_PRODUCT) type ref to ZCL_PRODUCT . protected section. *"* protected components of class ZCL_FACTORY *"* do not include other source files here!!! methods CREATE_PRODUCT abstract importing !I_OWNER type STRING returning value(R_PRODUCT) type ref to ZCL_PRODUCT . methods REGISTER_PRODUCT abstract importing !I_PRODUCT type ref to ZCL_PRODUCT . private section. *"* private components of class ZCL_FACTORY *"* do not include other source files here!!! ENDCLASS. CLASS ZCL_FACTORY IMPLEMENTATION. * <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | Instance Public Method ZCL_FACTORY->CREATE * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | [--->] I_OWNER TYPE STRING * | [<-()] R_PRODUCT TYPE REF TO ZCL_PRODUCT * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE> METHOD create. r_product = create_product( i_owner ). register_product( r_product ). ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS. |
Framework 쪽: ZCL_PRODUCT
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class ZCL_PRODUCT definition public abstract create public . public section. *"* public components of class ZCL_PRODUCT *"* do not include other source files here!!! methods USE abstract . protected section. *"* protected components of class ZCL_PRODUCT *"* do not include other source files here!!! private section. *"* private components of class ZCL_PRODUCT *"* do not include other source files here!!! ENDCLASS. CLASS ZCL_PRODUCT IMPLEMENTATION. ENDCLASS. |
ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY
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class ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY definition public inheriting from ZCL_FACTORY create public . public section. *"* public components of class ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY *"* do not include other source files here!!! types: GTY_PRODUCT type STANDARD TABLE OF ref to ZCL_PRODUCT . methods GET_OWNERS exporting value(R_OWNERS) type GTY_PRODUCT . protected section. *"* protected components of class ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY *"* do not include other source files here!!! methods CREATE_PRODUCT redefinition . methods REGISTER_PRODUCT redefinition . private section. *"* private components of class ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY *"* do not include other source files here!!! data: M_OWNERS TYPE gty_product . ENDCLASS. CLASS ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY IMPLEMENTATION. * <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | Instance Protected Method ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY->CREATE_PRODUCT * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | [--->] I_OWNER TYPE STRING * | [<-()] R_PRODUCT TYPE REF TO ZCL_PRODUCT * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE> METHOD create_product. CREATE OBJECT r_product TYPE zcl_idcard EXPORTING i_owner = i_owner. ENDMETHOD. * <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | Instance Public Method ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY->GET_OWNERS * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | [<---] R_OWNERS TYPE GTY_PRODUCT * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE> METHOD get_owners. r_owners = m_owners. ENDMETHOD. * <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | Instance Protected Method ZCL_IDCARD_FACTORY->REGISTER_PRODUCT * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | [--->] I_PRODUCT TYPE REF TO ZCL_PRODUCT * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE> METHOD register_product. APPEND i_product TO m_owners. ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS. |
ZCL_IDCARD
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class ZCL_IDCARD definition public inheriting from ZCL_PRODUCT create public . public section. *"* public components of class ZCL_IDCARD *"* do not include other source files here!!! methods CONSTRUCTOR importing value(I_OWNER) type STRING . methods GET_OWNER returning value(R_OWNER) type STRING . methods USE redefinition . protected section. *"* protected components of class ZCL_IDCARD *"* do not include other source files here!!! private section. *"* private components of class ZCL_IDCARD *"* do not include other source files here!!! data M_OWNER type STRING . ENDCLASS. CLASS ZCL_IDCARD IMPLEMENTATION. * <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | Instance Public Method ZCL_IDCARD->CONSTRUCTOR * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | [--->] I_OWNER TYPE STRING * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE> METHOD constructor. super->constructor( ). WRITE: / i_owner, '''s Card created.'. m_owner = i_owner. ENDMETHOD. * <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | Instance Public Method ZCL_IDCARD->GET_OWNER * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | [<-()] R_OWNER TYPE STRING * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE> method GET_OWNER. endmethod. * <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * | Instance Public Method ZCL_IDCARD->USE * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE> METHOD use. WRITE: / m_owner, '''s Card is being used now.'. ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS. |
그리고… 실행 프로그램 ZP_FACTORY_METHOD
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*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZP_FACTORY_METHOD *& *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& *& *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* REPORT zp_factory_method. *PARAMETERS: CLASS demo DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. CLASS-METHODS: main. ENDCLASS. "demo DEFINITION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD main. DATA: lr_factory TYPE REF TO zcl_factory, lr_product_1 TYPE REF TO zcl_product, lr_product_2 TYPE REF TO zcl_product, lr_product_3 TYPE REF TO zcl_product. CREATE OBJECT lr_factory TYPE zcl_idcard_factory. lr_product_1 = lr_factory->create( i_owner = 'CHON' ). lr_product_2 = lr_factory->create( i_owner = 'LOVEHOLICS' ). lr_product_3 = lr_factory->create( i_owner = 'A-HA' ). SKIP 2. lr_product_1->use( ). lr_product_2->use( ). lr_product_3->use( ). ENDMETHOD. "main ENDCLASS. "demo IMPLEMENTATION START-OF-SELECTION. demo=>main( ). |
이 실행 프로그램은 철저하게 암기할 필요가 있겠다.
먼저 TEST_FRAMEWORK.ZCL_PRODUCT를 상속받는 TEST_IDCARD.ZCL_IDCARD를 컴파일하면 서로 다른 Package로 인한 경고를 받게 된다.
다음으로, TEST_FRAMEWORK와 TEST_IDCARD의 상위 Package인 TEST_FACTORY_PATTERN 아래의 리포트 ZP_FACTORY_METHOD가 하위 Package들의 object를 억세스하게 하기 위해 아래와 같은 조치가 필요하다.
여기까지.
써놓고 보니 어지러워보이긴 하지만 개념 자체는 단순하다. 그래도 Java의 Package 컨셉이 훨씬 깔끔한 건 사실이다.
(HFDP에서)
Duck의 object가 부족해서 Turkey의 object를 이용하려고 한다… 라는 이상한 상황을 가정하고 있다. 보통 기존 모듈이 새로운 모듈을 이용하려고 하나 서로 interface가 맞지 않을때 – 구체적으로, 한 클라이언트가 다른 object의 method를 이용하고 싶지만 기존 보유한 method를 바꾸고 싶진 않다(또는 바꿀 수 없다) 할 때… 같은 있음직한 상황을 예로 든다만.
어쨌건 이 경우 Duck은 client, Turkey는 Adaptee이다. TurkeyAdapter는 타겟 interface인 Duck를 구현하며 – 당연하다. Adapter니까 – 이때 Adaptee의 method들을 이용한다는 것이 포인트이다.
[text]
REPORT zp_adapter.
*PARAMETERS:
CLASS demo DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS: main,
test_duck IMPORTING i_duck TYPE REF TO zif_duck.
ENDCLASS. "demo DEFINITION
*———————————————————————-*
* CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION
*———————————————————————-*
*
*———————————————————————-*
CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD main.
DATA: gr_mallard_duck TYPE REF TO zcl_mallard_duck,
gr_wild_turkey TYPE REF TO zcl_wild_turkey,
gr_turkey_adapter TYPE REF TO zif_duck. " Adaptor for Duck
" i.e. Duck is the target interface
CREATE OBJECT gr_mallard_duck.
CREATE OBJECT gr_wild_turkey.
CREATE OBJECT gr_turkey_adapter TYPE zcl_turkey_adapter
EXPORTING
i_turkey = gr_wild_turkey.
WRITE: / ‘The Turkey says…’.
gr_wild_turkey->zif_turkey~gobble( ).
gr_wild_turkey->zif_turkey~fly( ).
SKIP 2.
WRITE: / ‘The Duck says…’.
test_duck( gr_mallard_duck ).
SKIP 2.
WRITE: / ‘The Turkey Adapter says…’.
test_duck( gr_turkey_adapter ).
ENDMETHOD. "demo
METHOD test_duck.
i_duck->quack( ).
i_duck->fly( ).
ENDMETHOD. "test_duck
ENDCLASS. "demo IMPLEMENTATION
START-OF-SELECTION.
demo=>main( ).
[/text]
test_duck은 Duck interface를 인자로 받는다. Adapter는 Duck interface를 구현한 것이므로 test_duck의 인자로 Adapter를 넘길 수 있고, 그 Adapter의 method들 안에서 Adaptee의 method가 호출된다.
Duck, Turkey, TurkeyAdapter 등의 Class 및 Interface 선언 및 구현은 그냥 시스템 내 Global Class를 이용하였다.
그래서, 여기서는 생략한다.
BusinessWeek에서 2009년도 Top100 Best Global Brands를 발표했습니다.
SAP는 작년에 비해 4계단 상승, 전체 27위로서 역대 최고기록을 세웠네요.
모 내가 잘 한 것도 아니고 특별 보너스가 나올 것도 아니지만 몸 담고 있는 조직이 잘 해나가는 것 같아 기분이 좋습니다.
순위를 살펴보면, 5위권까지는 변화가 없습니다. Coca-Cola – IBM – Microsoft – GE – Nokia 이고, Nokia 외에는 모두 미국 회사이군요.
5위 아래 순위가 재미있어지는데, 삼성이 21위에서 19위로, 20위권 안에 들어온 것이 무척 인상적입니다.
개인적으로 가장 놀라운 것은 21위에 랭크된 H&M입니다. 동네 옷가게 체인점인줄 알았더니 이건 모, 초수퍼울트라우량기업이네요.
SAP가 소프트웨어 기업 중 ‘다우존스 지속가능성 지수(Dow Jones Sustainability Index, DJSI)’ 3년 연속 1위를 했다는 기사가 나왔다.
이와 반대로, Siemens가 Maintenance Contract를 그만둔다는 루머에 대한 기사가 Wirtschaftswoche에서 나왔다.
관련 해명 기사가 사내 인트라넷 메인으로 뜨는 바람에 알게 되었다.
… The current misinformation in the market provides incorrect information about the SAP Siemens relationship. SAP has and will continue to have a good, long-standing and very strong strategic relationship with Siemens; in fact, SAP is currently working with Siemens to deepen the relationship in a multitude of areas. Meanwhile, Siemens continues to leverage SAP solutions to manage its businesses around the world. Specific details of our relationship with Siemens will not be discussed in the media.
협상이 아직 완료되지 않은 상황에서 나온 루머인지라 그 배경이 의심스럽지만 워낙 사안이 커서 회사는 신중하게 대처하는 모습이다.
Blog에서도 제법 시끄러운 것 같고.